A Critical Review of Total Quality Management (TQM) Models & Practices in Education

ABSTRACT

Since the inception TQM in education back in 1990s, the variousTQM models used in business world to improve & manage quality are being used to improve the efficiency of education. The high expectations of stakeholders, new technologies, new pedagogies, dynamic demands of industry guide us to apply TQM in education without much delay. The present paper reviewed the various TQM models used in business &various researches conducted on TQM practices in education. In education the focus of TQM practices shifts from learner satisfaction to quality of curriculum, teaching and learning, research, infrastructure, student support, leadership and innovation. The emergence of new technologies has entirely changed the focus of TQM towards on technological skills. In later stages, researchers focused upon the morality & spirituality dimensions in TQM. This critical analysis recommends that there is an urgent need to develop a holistic model of TQM in education.

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