NGOs and Human Rights in Post Abrogation Era of Jammu and Kashmir: Challenges, Roles, and Recommendations

ABSTRACT

This research paper delves into the critical role played by Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in safeguarding and promoting human rights in Jammu and Kashmir following the abrogation of Article 370 in August 2019. The constitutional change brought about by the revocation of Article 370 significantly altered the political landscape of the region, raising concerns about human rights, autonomy, and socio-economic disparities. Against this backdrop, the paper examines the multifaceted contributions of NGOs in addressing the challenges arising post-abrogation. The historical context provides insights into the implications of Article 370 and the subsequent Indo-Pak conflicts, setting the stage for understanding the complexities of human rights in the region. The impact of Article 370 abrogation on human rights is explored, encompassing issues related to political autonomy, freedom of expression, self-determination, and the international diplomatic landscape. The research underscores the intricate interplay between political decisions, security measures, and fundamental rights, emphasising the need for a balanced approach. The paper focuses on the key role played by NGOs, including documentation of human rights violations, advocacy on national and international platforms, legal aid and representation, community empowerment, capacity building, mediation, networking, collaboration, and humanitarian assistance. The proactive engagement of NGOs becomes evident in their efforts to bring attention to human rights abuses, hold perpetrators accountable, and empower local communities. However, the research also highlights the challenges faced by NGOs in the region, including legal, political, and operational obstacles, resource limitations, information control, censorship, security concerns, and international dynamics. The paper emphasises the adaptive strategies employed by NGOs to navigate these challenges, stressing the importance of collaboration, resilience, and technology adoption. Recognizing the active involvement of specific NGOs such as the Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons (APDP), Jammu Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society (JKCCS), Jammu Kashmir Womens Collective, and the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), the paper concludes with recommendations for NGOs, policymakers, and international organisations. These recommendations encompass legal reforms, facilitating access to conflict zones, promoting collaboration, and leveraging international support. The conclusion underscores the necessity of collective efforts to create an environment that supports and strengthens the role of NGOs in safeguarding human rights in Jammu and Kashmir. Despite the outlined challenges, the paper accentuates the resilience and adaptability demonstrated by NGOs in addressing the complex and evolving human rights landscape in the region.

FULL TEXT