An Investigation of Cognitive-Visual Dynamics and Technological Influences in the Creation and Application of Body Painting in Yunnan

ABSTRACT

Body painting, as a visual language, is regarded as a vehicle and medium for the transmission and expression of the various meanings inherent in such contents from the past and present. This study explores the cognitive-visual and technological affordances of body painting by the aboriginal people in ancient Yunnan province, China. The research aims to uncover different aspects of body painting, including cognitive-visual processes, intentions, personal and interpersonal implications, materials, and techniques involved in their generation and use. Data was collected from graphic documents and historical and ethnographic written documents related to the analyzed images. The analysis was based on data from four Yunnan aboriginal ethnicities (Dai, Bulang, Dulong, and Li). A three-layer framework was used to examine the body paintings in two dimensions of production and use. The findings indicated certain patterns and conventions in generating and using body painting by the Yunnan aboriginals. Demographic differences were observed, with the majority of painted/tattooed persons being adults and elderly people. Gender differences were also observed, with body painting being mainly a male-dominated practice. Thematic analysis revealed that body paintings in the Yunnan indigenous communities were mainly used to symbolize desirable qualities, indicate resemblance to natural features and animals, express personal beliefs, convey recreational and aesthetic messages, and represent socio-cultural conformity and identity. Technological affordances included the use of visual principles, symmetry, balance, ornamenting, placement of designs on body positions, and color use. This study contributes to the fields of cultural preservation, cultural identity, history of art, archeology, anthropology, aesthetics, material culture, and technological advancements in visual art. It provides valuable insights into the production and use of body paintings in ancient Yunnan, China, and their significance within the local cultural context.

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